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Emperors of the Roman Empire

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The Twelve Caesars

Many images below the lists.

Ruler	Reign	Death
Octavian (Augustus)	27 BC - 14 AD	Old age.
Tiberius	14 - 37 AD	Old age. (78)
Caligula (Gaius)	37 - 41 AD	Assassinated at 28 years old.
Claudius	41 - 54 AD	Poisoned mushrooms fed to him by his wife.
Nero	54 - 68 AD	Suicide by cutting his throat on June 9th 68 AD.
Galba	68 – 69 AD	Murdered.
Otho	69 AD	Suicide on April 16, 69 AD.
Vitellius	69 AD	Murdered by citizens and soldiers, his body ripped to shreds.
Vespasian	69 - 79 AD	Natural causes on June 23, 79 AD.
Titus	80 - 81 AD	While on a trip.
Domitian	81 – 96 AD	Assassinated.
Nerva	96 – 98 AD	Stroke.

The above were the first twelve emperors. However, most sets of the Twelve Caesars include Julius Caesar and not Nerva.

Ruler	Reign	Death
Trajan	98 – 117 AD	Sickness.
Hadrian	117 – 138 AD	Natural causes on July 10th, 138 AD.
Antoninus Pius	138 – 161 AD	Natural causes.
Marcus Aurelius	161 – 180 AD	Illness on March 17th, 180 AD.
Lucius Verus	161 – 169 AD	Stroke.
Commodus	177 – 192 AD	Strangled by an athlete named Narcissus.
Pertinax	193 AD	Killed by his own troops.
Didius Julianus	193 AD	Executed on June 1st, 193 AD.
Pescennius Niger	193 – 194 AD	Killed?
Cloudius Albinus	195 – 196 AD	Suicide.
Septimius Severus	193 - 211 AD	Died in York, England at age 65.
Caracalla	197 – 217 AD	Murdered.
Geta	198 - 217 AD	Murdered by order of his brother Caracalla.
Macrinus	217 – 218 AD	Executed.
Diadumenian	218 AD	Executed.
Elagabalus	218-222 AD	Murdered on March 11th, 222 AD.
Severus Alexander	222 – 235 AD	Murdered.
Maximinus IMurdered.	235 – 238 AD	Murdered.
Gordian I	238 AD	Suicide.
Gordian II	238 AD	Died in battle.
Baldinus	238 AD	Murdered.
Pupienus	238 AD	Murdered.
Gordian III	238 - 244 AD	Murdered at 19 on Feb 11th, 244 AD.
Philip I	244 – 249 AD	In battle?
Philip II	247 – 249 AD	Murdered.
Pacatian	248 – 249 AD	Murdered.
Jotapian	248 AD	Murdered.
Trajan Decius	249 – 251 AD	Died in battle.
Herennius Etruscus	251 AD	Murdered.
Hostilian	250 -251 AD	Plague.
Trebonianus Gallus	251 -253 AD	Murdered.
Volusian	253 AD	Murdered.
Aemilian	253 AD	Murdered.
Silbannacus	253 AD	Unknown.
Uranius Antoninus	253 AD	Unknown.
Valerian I	253 – 260 AD	Kidnapped by the Sassanian king Shapur. Treated as a slave and murdered.
Gallienus	268 – 268 AD	Murdered by his own men.
Saloninus	260 AD	Unknown.
Regalianus	260 AD	In Battle.
Postumus	260 - 269 AD	Murdered in a revolt.
Laelianus	269 AD	Unknown.
Marius	269 AD	Murdered.
Victorinus	269 – 271 AD	Murdered by a staff member.
Domitian II	271 AD	Murdered.
Tetricus I	271 – 274 AD	Old age.
Tetricus II	273 – 274 AD	Old age.
Quietus	261 AD	Executed.
Macrianus	261 AD	Executed.
Claudius II	268 -274 AD	From the Plague
Quintillus	270 AD	Suicide.
Aurelian	270 – 275 AD	Murdered by guards.
Vabalathus	271 -272 AD	Unknown.
Tacitus	275 – 276 AD	Old age.
Florian	276 AD	Died in battle.
Probus	276 -282 AD	Murdered.
Saturninus	280 AD	Natural causes?
Carus	282 – 283 AD	Struck by lightning?
Carinus	283 – 285 AD	Killed by one of his own men.
Numerian	283 – 284 AD	Suspicious conditions.
Julian I	284 – 285 AD	Died in battle.
Diocletian	284 – 305 AD	Old age.
Maximian	285 – 305 AD, 306 – 308 AD, 310 AD	Executed.
Carausius	286 – 293 AD	Murdered.
Allectus	293 – 296 AD	Died in battle.
Domitius Domitianus	296 – 297 AD	Executed.
Constantius I	305 – 306 AD	Natural causes.
Galerius	305 – 311 AD	Natural causes.
Severus II	306 – 307 AD	Executed.
Maxentius	306 – 312 AD	Battle with Constantine I at the Milvian Bridge.
Constantine I	307 – 337 AD	Natural causes.
Alexander	308 – 311 AD	Murdered.
Licinius I	308 – 324 AD	Executed.
Maximinus II	308 – 313 AD	Uncertain.
Valerius Valens	316 AD	Executed.
Martinian	324 AD	Executed.
Constantine II	337 – 340 AD	Died in battle.
Constans	337 – 350 AD	Murdered by own troops.
Constantius II	336 – 361 AD	Died enroute to battle.
Magentius	350 -353 AD	Suicide.
Nepotian	350 AD	Executed.
Vetranio	350 AD	Natural causes.
Julian II	360 – 363 AD	Javelin wound.
Jovian	363 – 364 AD	Carbon Monoxide poisoning.
Valentinian I	364 – 375 AD	Stroke.
Valens	364 – 378 AD	In battle.
Procopius	365 – 366 AD	Executed.
Gratian	367 -383 AD	Murdered by his troops.
Valentinian II	375 – 392 AD	Murdered or suicide.
Theodosius I	375 – 395 AD	Natural causes.
Magnus Maximus	383 – 388 AD	Executed.
Flavius Victor	384 – 388 AD	Murdered.
Eugenius	392 – 394 AD	Died in battle.
Honorius	394 – 423 AD	Uncertain.
Constantine III	407 – 411 AD	Executed.
Constans II	409 -411 AD	Uncertain.
Maximus	409 -411 AD	Executed.
Priscus Attalus	409 – 410 AD, 414 – 415 AD	Natural causes.
Jovinus	411 – 413 AD	Beheaded.
Sebastianus	412 – 413 AD	Beheaded.
Constantius III	421 AD	From Illness.
Johannes	423 – 425 AD	Executed.
Valentinian III	425 -455 AD	Murdered.
Petronius Maximus	455 AD	Stoned.
Avitus	455 – 456 AD	Suicide.
Majorian	457 – 461 AD	Illness.
Libius Severus	461 – 465 AD
Anthemius	467 – 472 AD	Executed.
Anicius Olybrius	472 AD	Uncertain.
Glycerius	473 – 474 AD	Natural causes.
Julius Nepos	474 – 475 AD	Murdered.
Romulus Augustus	475 – 476 AD	Uncertain.

End of the Roman Empire in the West.

Emperors of The Byzantine Period

Ruler	Reign	Death
Arcadius	383 – 408 AD	Uncertain.
Theodosius II	402 – 450 AD	Hunting accident.
Marcian	450 – 457 AD	Old age.
Leo I	457 – 474 AD	Old age.
Leo II	474 AD	Illness.
Zeno	474 – 491 AD	Uncertain.
Basiliscus	465 - 476 AD	Executed.
Leontius I	484 – 488 AD	Executed.

The Caesars And Others

Ruler	Reign	Death
Caius Caesar	20 BC – 4 AD	Murdered.
Nero Claudius Drusus	38 – 39 BC	Fell from a horse.
Germanicus	15 BC – 9 AD	Poisoned.
Drusus	23 – 23 AD	Poisoned.
Britannicus	41 – 55 AD	Suddenly at a party.
Clodius Macer	68 AD, Proprator Africae	Unknown.
Aelius	136 – 137 AD	Natural causes.
Maximus	235 – 238 AD	Killed in bed.
Valerian II	253-257 AD	Natural causes.
Nigrinian	Unknown	Uncertain.
Romulus	309 AD	Uncertain.
Crispus	316 – 326 AD	By order of father.
Licinius II	317 – 324 AD	Sold into slavery.
Delmatius	335 – 337 AD	By order of Constantius II.
Hanniballianus	335 -337 AD, Rex Regum	By order of Constantius II.
Decentius	351 -353 AD	Hanged himself.
Constantius Gallus	351 – 354 AD	By order of Constantius II.

As of the Emperor Caligula

Denarius of Marcus Aurelius

Denarius of Septimius Severus

Antoninianus of Gordian III

Antoninianus of Probus

Follis of Constantine I

AE3 Constantine II

AE4 of Theodosius I

AE4 of Theodosius II

Next: The Women of The Roman Empire, Empresses and Other Notable Women

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