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My Latin's pretty rusty, but I'd go with this loose translation of the reverse legend: "Justice will strengthen the throne." It's hard for me, with my scant background in the history of that era, to be sure whether that was meant as a threat from the King to his subjects or as a comfort to them.
Charles I was an absolutist - meaning the whole concept of "ruling through the consent of the governed" was objectionable to him. He ruled through Divine Right, and had the power to change laws at whim - or so he thought; Parliament was an advisory body only and ought not to attempt to overrule his will. As far as this king was concerned, He Is Justice. Showing "injustice" - by, for example, showing leniency to and tolerance for Presbyterians, Catholics and other rebels - would only weaken the throne. I
believe this was the sentiment being aimed for with this motto.
It was, of course, the clash between this absolutist monarch and an ever-emboldened Parliament that saw the commencement of the English Civil War just a few short years after this coin would have been minted, and ultimately cost Charles his divinely appointed head. Following the restoration of the monarchy, the Glorious Revolution and resultant Bill of Rights in 1689, England became a constitutional monarchy.
Don't say "infinitely" when you mean "very"; otherwise, you'll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite. - C. S. Lewis