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Definitive Test For Black Beauty Nickels

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nickelsearcher's Avatar
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 Posted 04/25/2026  07:34 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add nickelsearcher to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
to the

I don't believe your 1964 nickel is a Black Beauty. Likely some form of environmental toning.

Please crop and properly rotate your photos before posting them here.
Take a look at my other hobby ... http://www.jk-dk.art
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CoinForMe's Avatar
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 Posted 04/25/2026  09:35 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CoinForMe to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
I would say it's very hard to tell if it's a Black Beauty nickel in a picture; lighting will affect the surface's appearance.
Take your coin to a knowledgeable local dealer for a more accurate response.
BTW, Proof Coins mostly look black in pictures...
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Chase007's Avatar
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 Posted 04/25/2026  10:51 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add Chase007 to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply

Quote:
I don't believe your 1964 nickel is a Black Beauty. Likely some form of environmental toning.


Quote:
I would say it's very hard to tell if it's a Black Beauty nickel in a picture; lighting will affect the surface's appearance.


Could not agree more since a "Black Beauty" nickel is primarily caused by an improper annealing process during minting and it is difficult to identify and confirm the real deals by just looking at the pictures and in most cases they are not .

Quote:
"Black Beauty" nickels were most often 1958 and 1959 business strikes - never heard of a "Proof" Black Beauty nickel.

Absolutely correct..
Edited by Chase007
04/25/2026 11:05 am
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Dearborn's Avatar
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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted Yesterday   5:46 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Incredible. Since I completed my Jefferson nickel WW II Lamination XRF/SEM-EDS study and its published in the Newman Portal and in the recent Mint Error News #97 - see here - https://minterrornews.com/issue97.pdf on page 144 I was considering what is the next challenge? Seems these Black Beauties of 1958 & 1959-P are next? I contacted the two principal people in this thread today by E-Mail to consider being reviewers/consultants to this paper. So that I get a clearer picture of what is bothering you guys on these BB's feel free to ask some questions after reading my paper in Mike Byers Journal on these WWII nickels and how this technology can be used for BB's. I did not think this would be my next metallurgical project another coinage from the U.S. in the 20thC but these coins I believe would work well using this dual analytical approach. Shoot me some questions on this topic thread or privately. Realize I only heard of BB's only a week ago but have been doing serious reading on this phenomenon for the last week. I already worked out an anlytical schematic on what probably needs to be done but if people ask questions and I answer perhaps I can get some YOUR WRONG/THIS MAKE SENSE/TRY THIS/WHY ARE PCGS-NGC DIFFERENT? WHY ONLY ANACS. WHY the metal Co? Initially this can be complex/confusing due to other minting factors, coinages, etc exhibiting dark colors. Lets talk. John Lorenzo, Numismatist.
Edited by colonialjohn
Yesterday 5:49 pm
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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted Yesterday   10:06 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
I plan my project to start in January 2027.
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CoinHI's Avatar
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 Posted Today  18H 22M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CoinHI to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Here's my 1959 Black Beauty that might interest you John

https://goccf.com/t/454864&whichpag...s=Improperly

Definitive-Test-For-Black-Beauty-Nickels
"Pride is yoked with callous behavior, as humility is with compassion." St. Gregory Palamas

Top Finds - 1969-S 1c FS-101 http://goccf.com/t/477681 1976 D WQ FS-101 http://goccf.com/t/382777 - 1968 D 1c FS-801 http://goccf.com/t/422254
Cool clashed dies - 1972 D 1c http://goccf.com/t/429855&SearchTerms=CCL
Struck-In Rim Burr - 1969 S 1c http://goccf.com/t/425587&SearchTerms=burr
Floating (Type II) Counterclash - 1978 D 1c http://goccf.com/t/434991&SearchTerms=1978


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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted Today  13H 4M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Unfortunately its no good since its PCGS slabbed. Here is my proposed analytical methodology at this point in time = Black Beauties require both a surface shot and a polished edge shot because the phenomenon is entirely a surface chemistry result of improper annealing, not a structural defect. During 1958 and 1959, the nickel feedstock supplied to the U.S. Mint likely carried elevated cobalt impurity levels—possibly even above 0.1%!?, which would have altered how the cupronickel alloy responded to annealing heat. When overheated, this cobalt bearing alloy forms a blue black, glossy oxide layer that is visually distinctive on Uncirculated coins. A surface shot preserves this unaltered skin so SEM/EDS can document the cobalt&-influenced oxidation chemistry, while XRF captures the surface biased readings that differ from the interior. Because the Black Beauty effect exists only in the outer few microns, the surface shot records the metallurgical signature responsible for the color.

A polished edge shot is equally important because it demonstrates that the interior alloy remains completely normal with the exception of Cobalt (Co). Probably. Polishing removes the cobalt enhanced oxide layer and exposes a flat, uniform surface for XRF to measure the true bulk composition and also to take a non-corrosion layer SEM/EDS target shot. This confirms that the cobalt impurity influenced only the surface oxidation behavior during overheating, not the interior matrix. SEM/EDS at the polished edge also verifies that Black Beauties are annealing driven surface anomalies, not structural errors. Together, the two geometries establish the complete picture: normal interior alloy + cobalt influenced annealed surface = Black Beauty, providing the contrast needed for analytical work comparing these coins to standard 1958-59-P Jefferson nickels. These are not sintered errors which are dark gray and porous. Any connotation to a sintered planchet is a TPG error. Additionally - Improper alloy mix is the wrong classification for Black Beauties because their interior metal composition is completely normal for 1958-59-P Jefferson nickels, with no evidence of abnormal bulk chemistry or mixed metal contamination. The blue-black appearance comes from surface oxidation behavior during overheating, not from an alloy level mistake. The most plausible metallurgical cause is that the nickel feedstock delivered to the Mint in 1958 and 1959 in Philadelphia contained elevated cobalt impurity levels—likely above 0.1%?. Cobalt at this level does not alter the bulk alloy enough to qualify as an "improper mix," but it does change how the surface oxide forms when the planchets are annealed too hot. This produces the glossy, bluish & black skin characteristic of Black Beauties while leaving the interior alloy completely standard. Because the core composition remains correct and only the surface oxide is abnormal, the proper classification is improper annealing, not improper alloy mix at this time (in theory). It seems also in this study to add a fourth specimen - a so-called sintered Jefferson nickel outside of 1958/1959 Philly group which has that BB glossy blue black look. JPL
Edited by colonialjohn
Today 11H 35M ago
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CoinHI's Avatar
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 Posted Today  9H 8M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CoinHI to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
"Sintered Planchet" I believe is no longer used by TPG's. MIke Diamond got a response from US MInt officials on this subject here: https://www.error-ref.com/?s=annealing

"Pride is yoked with callous behavior, as humility is with compassion." St. Gregory Palamas

Top Finds - 1969-S 1c FS-101 http://goccf.com/t/477681 1976 D WQ FS-101 http://goccf.com/t/382777 - 1968 D 1c FS-801 http://goccf.com/t/422254
Cool clashed dies - 1972 D 1c http://goccf.com/t/429855&SearchTerms=CCL
Struck-In Rim Burr - 1969 S 1c http://goccf.com/t/425587&SearchTerms=burr
Floating (Type II) Counterclash - 1978 D 1c http://goccf.com/t/434991&SearchTerms=1978


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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted Today  5H 27M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Correct. Thanks. News to me as I don't collect these errors. Major grading companies no longer use the term sintered planchet in their current attribution vocabulary*, and you will not see it on modern labels. PCGS, NGC, ANACS, and CACG all use improper annealing as the standardized designation. The shift happened as TPGs aligned terminology with metallurgical accuracy: U.S. Mint planchets are not powder metal, so "sintered" was always a misnomer.

So how can TPG's differentiate between improper annealing vs. environmental corrosion?

How TPGs differentiate mint annealing vs. environmental damage
Even without SEM/EDS, the physical differences are stark. Here are the diagnostics they rely on:

1. Surface texture
Improper annealing: Smooth, metallic, non-porous surface; luster remains visible under the oxide film.

Environmental corrosion: Pitted, granular, or "frosty" texture; luster is broken or absent.

2. Color uniformity
Improper annealing: Even, stable gunmetal/blue-black across fields and devices.

Environmental: Blotchy, patchy, streaked, or two-tone; often brown-black or green-black.

3. Device edges
Improper annealing: Oxide layer is continuous over devices; no haloing.

Environmental: Darkening creeps into recesses first; raised devices often remain lighter.

4. Strike behavior
Improper annealing: Strike is normal; metal flows cleanly.

Environmental: Weak or mushy strike from surface degradation.

**5. Stability over time
Improper annealing: Color is stable for decades; does not flake or change.

Environmental: Continues to evolve — darkens, spots, or develops texture changes.

**6. Rim and edge diagnostics
Improper annealing: Edge coloration matches the faces.

Environmental: Edges often show different color because corrosion is air exposed, not furnace formed.

The bottom line
A TPG can still tell the difference because annealing oxidation is a thin film metallurgical phenomenon, while environmental corrosion is chemical degradation of the metal itself. These two leave permanent, visually distinct signatures that don't disappear with age.

Which is why I am doing this October-December comment period besides the budget reasons. A typical investigation like the WWII Jeffs was $300-400 for analytical costs for XRF and SEM/EDS. Mostly the later instrument SEM/EDS. JPL
Edited by colonialjohn
Today 4H 42M ago
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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted Today  5H 13M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
So the study so far will contain three specimens:

1. 1958-P Jefferson BB in ~AU/UNC (Raw). Glossy Black appearance.
2. 1959-P Jefferson BB in ~AU/UNC (Raw). Glossy Black appearance.
3. 1958 or 1959-P Normal Nickel Looking Jefferson ~AU/UNC (Raw).
4.?

This comment period may direct us to look at other specimens but I want to limit it to maybe 4-6 specimens. Since sintered is OUT still looking for OTHER recommendations preferably of the same 5C Jefferson denomination. A great question does a BB occur on another date/mintmark other than Philadelphia in 1958 & 1959? Keep the inquires/pics coming here & privately to my E-Mail. JPL
Edited by colonialjohn
Today 5H 6M ago
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CoinHI's Avatar
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 Posted Today  4H 18M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CoinHI to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
A quick ebay search and I found these coins.

Improperly annealed planchets come in many different denoms, years, and colors. The Black Beauties are the more minor forms of this error but gained popularity early on amongst error collectors and hence got a fancy name.

I had a top expert convinced my above 1959 example was not an improperly annealed error which is what prompted me to get it graded. That example was obvious to me as a genuine error but I would not expect minor examples to be accurately labeled by the majority of TPG workers especially outside of the 1958-59 Jefferson examples.



Definitive-Test-For-Black-Beauty-Nickels
Definitive-Test-For-Black-Beauty-Nickels
"Pride is yoked with callous behavior, as humility is with compassion." St. Gregory Palamas

Top Finds - 1969-S 1c FS-101 http://goccf.com/t/477681 1976 D WQ FS-101 http://goccf.com/t/382777 - 1968 D 1c FS-801 http://goccf.com/t/422254
Cool clashed dies - 1972 D 1c http://goccf.com/t/429855&SearchTerms=CCL
Struck-In Rim Burr - 1969 S 1c http://goccf.com/t/425587&SearchTerms=burr
Floating (Type II) Counterclash - 1978 D 1c http://goccf.com/t/434991&SearchTerms=1978


Edited by CoinHI
Today 4H 11M ago
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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted Today  2H 23M ago  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
I probably could spend the remaining years of my life doing XRF/SEM-EDS dual analysis papers on improper annealed types but like you said these Jeffersons have a lot of hype, the guys on this forum having been going on this merry-go-round for nearly a decade. This seems to be a good example of taking an improper annealed situation (i.e., Black Beauty Jefferson nickel) and putting it under an intensive metallurgical analysis. I did suggest to Mike Byers let me know if you have other error examples that could benefit from this service. We discussed one different type of error that could not work I think it was a Shield Lincoln Cent that many people thought was a high purity Cu blank type piece. This was a no-go based on our discussions then the BB's popped up. Perhaps after this project another error type is in order?

Improper annealing shows up across all denominations in a few predictable ways. When a blank is overheated or exposed to too much oxygen, the surface chemistry shifts: copper migrates toward the surface, nickel retreats, and oxide films thicken. On clad coins like dimes and quarters, this produces patchy copper blushes, orange or brown washes, or even full gunmetal surfaces similar to Jefferson BBs. On copper plated zinc cents, the plating itself can darken, burn, or turn uneven because the thin copper shell reacts quickly to thermal mistakes.

Under annealed blanks behave differently—they stay too hard. That hardness prevents proper metal flow during striking, so devices look weak, grainy, or uneven. Over annealed blanks go the opposite direction: they become too soft, leading to mushy details and an "orange peel" texture. Across nickels, dimes, quarters, dollars, and cents, these color shifts and strike distortions are all variations of the same root cause: the furnace didn't set the metal's hardness and surface chemistry correctly.

You are right this is just one example in this UNIVERSE of improper annealed U.S. coin errors.
Edited by colonialjohn
Today 2H 20M ago
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