It's a Canadian Colonial Halfpenny Token called the Habitant Halfpenny. I believe it is from Quebec and is what was used there in the Province of Canada. Fairly common issue as Canadian Colonial Tokens go.
It is catalogued as PC-3 in the Charlton Catalogue of Canadian Colonial Tokens. Issued by The Quebec Bank. They also issued a one penny version (PC-4). Your piece shows environmental damage, Fine details. Without the damage it would be a $9 CAD token; in the condition shown maybe $3.
The "Province of Canada" of 1852 was much smaller than the country of Canada is today. "Canada" back then comprised what are today just the two provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The capital city of the Province changed several times; in 1852 was Quebec City, and the majority of the population was French-speaking, hence the use of French on one side of the coin.
In Canadian reckoning, 1 sou was equal to half a British penny. This is why this token is called a "halfpenny", even though the denomination stated on it (on the French side) is "one sou". In 1858, the Province of Canada switched from using pounds, shillings and pence to dollars and cents.
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