I see a lot of people from Ukraine and a few from countries like Poland and Latvia on ebay selling mostly lower quality Denarius coins that all appear to be genuine, about 90 percent are of the reigns of Between Vespesian and Commodus, and many say they find them themselves. How did so many of them wind up there?
echizento is right. I am always suspicious about buying Roman coins from individuals in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, unless they are from an internationally recognised dealer, and they are far and few between in that part of the World. Lots of good quality fakes come from this region.
If I was a detectotist from this region I would have to illegally send my genuine finds out of the country for sale, because in most countries of the region, you cannot legally do so. There also laws in the U.S. which prevent the importation of genuine ancient coins. They are supposed to be complementry to the laws of the 'find' countries.
That is why there has been increase in the number of fake denariii; you can quite legally export those!
The first coin looks like what I known as a Limes denarius, a denarius that has very little silver content that where produced on the fringes of the Roman empire. The second is a fouree or a contemporary fake. The others look real from the pictures but very worn. The forgers have become tricky in that they can produce coins that look worn like this. Chances are that this are OK though.
Trade in ancient times was far reaching and knew few if any borders. Many ancient Egyptian (second millenia BC) lapis lazuli objects have been proven by analysis to have been carved from stone originating from Afghanistan. Likewise we know that amber originating from the Baltic region (Poland Lithuania etc) was highly prized by the Roman upper classes. Some sources claim it was worth its weight in gold. While it is doubtful any Roman would be crazy enough to venture that far into 'Germania' to trade in things like amber, surely some enterprising (and large !) Nordic types probably traded in amber and elegant fur trade with peoples along the Rhine who would gladly exchange silver denarii for precious items.
Even Roman base metal coins have been found as far afield as Ceylon/Sri Lanka. But the amount of coins found in Eastern European territories never under control of the Romans is astonishing, especially those finds in modern workshops.
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