An overdate is one date punched in over a different date A repunched date is a date punched in over the same date. A repunched date may exist because the first blow of the punch into the die wasn't deep enough and when the punch was placed back on the die and hit again it was in a slightly different place. It could also be intentional if they decided the placement of the fist punching was wrong and the position was deliberately changed between punching to correct the placement.
An overdate can happen either accidentally or deliberately. Typically before the 20th century an overdate was created when a dated but unhardened die was left over at the end of the year. Rather than discard a perfectly good (and in the early years costly) die the date of the following year would be punched into the die, it would be hardened and used. In the twentieth century overdates were created during the last couple of months of the year when the mint would be making dies for both the current and following year. A die would be hubbed using a hub with one date, wold be sent for annealing, and when it came back it was then accidentally hubbed with a different dated hub