I think XRF testing is what is being referred to when "metals' testing is being discussed.
XRF means X-Ray Florescence.
What is does, is scan the surface of the metal to be tested with a beam of X-Rays.
A florescence scatter bounces off the surface, the measurable characteristic of which will be different for the proportion of concentration every metal, in the metal surface.
By itself, XRF has it's limitations.
It will not work for suspect faked coins that have been metal plated.
Because only the metal surface is scanned, XRF testing by itself, is useless for investigating the metal alloy in the body of the object to be tested.
Specific gravity testing or ultrasound testing as well, is required for a conclusive investigation.
Therefore, (another way of saying it),
it IS however, very useful when XRF testing is done in conjunction with specific gravity testing, weight measurement, and volume measurement.
Those tests together, especially in conjunction with ultrasound, provided the proof necessary uncover the plot of fake gold encased tungsten cored bullion bars a few years ago. (Tungsten has the same density as gold).
Lawrence Bragg won a Nobel Prize for Physics for original research work done on X-Ray florescence, in the early 1900's.