ROBMACK I congratulate you for this superb TOPIC and also to all who post here.
I will start with the nomenclature of the topic which if we look at the
TPG's denomination are wrong. I have nothing against them, but when is come to compare what they say: that use the most advance denomination (scientific) I can say such "idiots" who do just marketing (not the graders, they are passionate for, is the head offices policies).
First on all photos I saw two different main categories, superb. 1.
SPLIT which it is also crack planchet and 2.
De-lamination. Let start:
SPLIT: In the category of split we have three different subtype and is happened in majority of the time at the end of roll in rolling process.. 1.
Split= complete detachments of one part of the coin on vertical fracture of the crystalline structure happened during the strike or during the circulation or manipulation. 2.
Crack planchet = partial detachment of the the part of the coin on vertical fracture of the crystalline structure majority are from the age of the coin. 3.
Small crack = usually on the borders of the coin complete separation of the material in form of relative tringle milling, strike and aging and manipulation.
DE-lamination: Horizontal structural separation of the material (crystals will be separated due to the effect of the rolling on horizontal direction). Here we have: 1.
Foliation = very tinny surface part of the planchet separate partial or total 2.
De-lamination = almost separate the planchet in half 3.
Ex-foliation = after strike.
Some example from this topic: 1.
ROB = Complete split he mistake saying cause of debris. No ROB you have a very clean and super split. 2.
SPP = De-laminate before strike. (I will explain how we look in forensic this) 3.
SP67 with his lovely denomination Clam Shell. Which it is partial de-lamination occur at the end of the roll and only when the mint cut less then they must cut of the roll. The rolls are 1100 feet long: they cut in general 2.5 feet front and back and trim the borders to avoid those errors. In the case of the coin posted was happened the separation during the milling process. Testimony for is the redeem.
Before or after the strike? : To see if was before or after we look at the structure of the material. The cooper and silver is almost parallelepipedal in structure. So the fracture will have traces almost parallels (like small lines), Cu closer and Ag larger. If the material will detach before strike, the height points of the lines will be more flat and larger. If will be after will be more regular and pointed, (just a small hint)
I will mark this topic and if at one point I will do an complete study and article for, I will use those superb examples from here, with the co-rights of theirs owners.
Market value: Is damage that the market do not appreciate those error at theirs real value. Those errors occur some times and on 1100 feet of roll only 30 could be if the conditions are there.
Hope you enjoy the reading. Not the best English of the word.
Silvio