As for a one time tax, I think those rumors are mostly FUD. You are, however, required to start pulling out money at age 72. Each year thereafter, the mandatory withdrawal levels increase. Hence, even if you live forever, the feds eventually get the tax. The main benefit of a 401k, in addition to the common employer contribution, is the fact the balance grows tax deferred. Also, less publicized, if you lose a job before retirement and have a good sized balance you can use a rule called 72(t) to make withdrawals without penalty. The catch is you have to withdraw substantially equally amounts for many years and of course you may owe regular taxes (which could be ZERO if you have no job income and some deductions).