I think that this a classic case of 'metal flow'.
(I don't know the correct term for this, so I just had to 'coin' an expression to give a name to it.)
Most of the design on the coin is in relief, but the VDB is incuse.
That means the 'VDB' on the die is in relief, and as such, acted as a barrier to the flow of metal as the coin was struck, which gives rise to a 'shadow' on the outside edge of the letters, as the metal flows out radially, under great pressure.
What is more curious to me is the fact that this 'shadow' effect shows up more strongly on some coins than others. Must have someting to do with the annealing of the planchet or the striking pressure, or both.