There isn't any single cause of the value decline you've referenced, but here are a few things to consider:
Those are just a few factors (IMHO) for the value doldrums the commemorative series has recently experienced. I have recently given a talk on this topic and am preparing a post for CCF on it as well. I do think values will rebound from present levels (though likely never to the levels of 1989-90) though it will be a slow rebound until the economy once again returns to full speed. The series needs more collectors to drive value appreciation and until folks have more disposable income, a big increase in collectors is unlikely.
- Interest in the classic commemorative series most definitely has its "up" and "down" cycles (as do almost all US coin series). We have been in a "down" cycle for a number of years though there is some recent evidence that suggests the "down" has bottomed out.
- Other series have enjoyed more promotion in the recent past and thus have captured the attention of more collectors. The numbers of available coins of each type of the classic commemorative series do not lend themselves to heavy promotion in the same way that Morgan dollars, Walking Liberty half-dollars or Washington quarters do. Coinciding with the launch of the Statehood Quarters program, for example, much promotion was directed at getting collectors to pursue the older, silver Washington quarter series. This is an area that saw value growth over the period you referenced.
- The number of collectors pursuing the classic commemorative series is low compared to most other US coin series. The nature of "commemorative" coins vs. "circulating" coins keeps many folks away -- for many, they are not "regular" coins. With a limited collector base to begin with, a relatively small drop in the number of collectors working on the series can noticeably alter the supply-demand balance in favor of supply which causes prices to maintain levels or drop. The recent economic situation in the US is one cause of the current drop in the number of commemorative collectors.
- The majority of today's silver classic commemorative collectors are pursuing Type Sets vs. Complete 144-piece sets (a shift from the past when prices were far lower across the board). Also, many collectors choose to fill their type sets with the more common example of each type and thus do not compete for the scarcer coins of a type. For example, the majority of collectors will use the more common 1922 Grant-Plain variety to fill their "Grant hole" rather than the scarcer (more expensive) Grant-Star variety. This limits supply pressure on the scarcer pieces of the series and thus limits their value appreciation.
- The rise of online auction sites for coins has created a different buyer today vs. the past. Online sites have made most coins of the commemorative series readily available on any given day -- in a sense, more of a "commodity" than in the past. As such, many of today's buyers use online outlets to search for the "best price" vs. the "best quality." This puts pressure on dealers/sellers to keep prices low to remain competitive in order to generate sales. I will say, however, that coins of true quality do not suffer from this commodity mindset.
Those are just a few factors (IMHO) for the value doldrums the commemorative series has recently experienced. I have recently given a talk on this topic and am preparing a post for CCF on it as well. I do think values will rebound from present levels (though likely never to the levels of 1989-90) though it will be a slow rebound until the economy once again returns to full speed. The series needs more collectors to drive value appreciation and until folks have more disposable income, a big increase in collectors is unlikely.
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