It is commonly referred to as "Split Plate Doubling".
It is caused from the Copper layer being stretched as the coin is struck. Sometimes the sharper edges of the die will catch on the thin plating and cause it to tear.
It is almost always seen on broadstrikes, as the Copper layer gets stretched much farther on them.
EDIT: Broadstrikes on Copper plated Lincoln cents, not the 95% Copper alloy cents.
Edited by cwb
02/01/2017 11:10 pm