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OK, wait... we are talking U.S. currency here. This makes the process sound like some back-alley operation. There is no oversight involved here? How is it someone can keep these coins then resell them?
Remember the we are talking in the case of this coin 1979, quality control wasn't as tight them. (today they have additional riddler systems for screening out undersized, oversized and mistruck pieces. Also the change from vertical to horizontal striking eliminated a lot more errors. This is wherrors after 2001 are much rarer than earlier dates.) But anyway even back then the process was highly automated and many mistruck pieces could get out if they were bagged by weight. Much less likely if they bagged by count because thing like the OP coin would jam the counter.)
Probably in the 50's and earlier they bagged by cault but I would suspect that in the 60's they switched to bagging by weight. I know they bag by weight today.
So anyway the sealed bags were shipped out to the Federal Reserve banks or the armored car services. The Fed also shipped bags to the services. The armored car companies are not part of the government so now the coins are out of the government's hands. For the most part if the dollar tallies coming in matched the dollar tallies going out the armored car services didn't care if the employees switched out good coins for defective ones. (also sometime the bags would just be shipped unopened to the banks and they did the rolling.)
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And, there is no quality control at the Mint? Even a .001 error rate sounds like a lot to me. And tell me again (I'm slow) how these are allowed to ever leave the Mint? Even if quantities are simply weighted to verify numbers going out the door at the Mint, certainly these one-and-a half coins must throw the weights counters off?
Yes they is quality control at the mint, but not on the level in 1979 than there is today. And I said an error rate of .001% not .001, different by two orders of magnitude. >001 would be a bad coin in every thousand, .001% would be a bad coin in every 100,000, and in my last sentence I did say that even that .001% estimate was way too high. Frankly .0001% would still be too high, but .00001% would probably be too low.
An off center double struck coin weight exactly the same as a regular cent so there would be nothing off when bagging by weight. It would just be counted as one cent.
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Somebody at The Mint has to be responsible for these error coins, yes? Or maybe not?
Institutionally responsible yes, personally responsible no.