The intention was to use as pure copper as possible, but with the limitations of 18th century manufacturing techniques there will certainly be traces of other substances present: could be arsenic, sulphur, nickel, lead, etc, in small quantities (even modern copper coins contain minute traces of other substances).
Any impurities of that kind would not however result in a one-sided corrosion like on your coin. Perhaps the corroded side has been in contact with soil containing reactive substances? And possibly it has been harshly cleaned afterwards.