Ancient Coins Identification

#1: I'm not sure what it is, but it does indeed appear to be an ancient coin. Perhaps Greek. If this is the coin with the "cat" on it, sorry but I'm not seeing it.

#2: Definitely Late Roman, of the reverse type of an inscription inside a wreath. It's usually a votive inscription eg. "VOT X MVLT XX".

#3: the cash coin seems to be from mediaeval China, the Zheng He period of emperor Hui Zong of the Song Dynasty (AD 1111-1118). I say "seems to be" because Vietnamese imitations with this legend were also produced much later (1600-1800), so it's authenticity will depend on the size: genuine Song Dynasty coins are about 25mm across, double-cash coins are bigger at about 30mm; Vietnamese imitations are usually smaller and also quite thin. The green colour and poor quality of the casting of this piece both suggest a Vietnamese origin to me.

This basic design of East Asian coin - a round coin with a square hole and four characters around it - are known in the West as "cash coins" and were invented in China over 2000 years ago. China, Japan, Vietnam and Korea have all issued similar-looking coins, all modelled on the original Chinese designs. You have to read the characters to be able to identify them.

Your coin is not Japanese; that combination of characters (which read in Chinese as "Zheng He tong bao") was not used in Japan. It was used in China, and in Vietnam. I suspect yours is Vietnamese, just based on the overall appearance.

Here's a Chinese Zheng He Tong Bao coin on Numista: https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces20606.html

Here's a Vietnamese coin (where the same inscription is read as "Chinh Hoa Thong Bao"), on a VIetnamese sales website: https://tienxuco.vn/san-pham/chinh-...hong-bao-15/

The Japanese "Samurai-era coins" you are confusing them with are the Kanei tsuho; they look like this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan%2...C5%ABh%C5%8D The top and bottom characters are different. In Japanese Kanji, the inscription on your coin would read "Showa tsuho"; the Japanese did of course have a Showa emperor (we know him as Hirohito) but he did not issue cash-style coins.

thank you so much