Error Coins

The right terminology is:
"Someone hit the coin with the hammer"

Here's another example of similar error/problem

I would call them - delaminations.

A defect in the planchet can result in a flake of metal separating from the surface of a struck coin. I have even seen coins split entirely into two sections across the center. The defect can be a spot of grease or dirt trapped within the metal. It can also be caused by a metal impurity which lacks strength.

The cause of the delamination is often post strike damage (pressure or it "got hit by a hammer"). That looks like the cause of the delamination in the case of the Arabic script. It looks as if something made direct contact with the coin dislodging a piece of the surface.

The second delamination looks a bit more spontaneous.

In either case, most people see small delaminations as "damage".