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Replies: 4 / Views: 3,415 |
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Pillar of the Community
United States
1549 Posts |
If anyone collects the denarii of the 2nd and 3rd century (Adoptives through Severans), you might want to pick up a copy of Le Tresor Numismatique De Reka-Devnia (Marcianopolis). By N.A. Mouchmov. Sofia, 1934. Originals are very expensive and usually falling apart but it was reprinted privately a few years ago at $25 and is worth buying if any of these can be found new or used.
The book is nothing but a list of the over 80,000 silver coins found in 1929 that includes the best representation of what exists in the way of these denarii that a collector could hope to see. Coins are listed in Cohen order with the number of examples of that coin found in the hoard. If a coin has 300 examples, you know it is ridiculously common; if only a few it is rare. Things missing from the list tend to be very rare. Often you will see a note in a listing reading "RD 12" which does not mean that 12 is the catalog number of the type but that there were 12 coins of that type in the Reka Devnia hoard. It is much more accurate a view of rarity of these coins than any listing in RIC! In addition to the catalog there is a three page description of the hoard (in French) and five plates of photos mostly showing coins in the hoard that were not listed in Cohen.
I find most interesting the fact that there was not a single coin of Pescennius Niger listed. This could mean that the efforts of Septimius Severus to outlaw these coins were very successful in that region or that the hoard was pilfered by someone who knew enough to take them but left the 54 Pertinax, 2 Didia Clara etc. Another thing I do not know is what happened to the 80,000 coins after they were counted for the book. They are listed as split between museums in Sofia and Varna but I have heard no details about them.
Most people value catalogs for ID numbers a lot more than I do but this book provides not only a list of what exists but whether you are likely to have trouble finding specific items. As a collector of Septimius Severus (in the prime period for the hoard) I always wanted a copy and was very happy to see the release of the reprint. Does anyone else own it? ...or care?
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Pillar of the Community
Bulgaria
843 Posts |
I heard about this book.Sound interesting so maybe I will buy reprinted. Thanks dougsmith for the info but do you know where is the original?If its in Bulgaria I think will be in the National Bulgarian Museum in Sofia.
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Pillar of the Community
 United States
1549 Posts |
According to the (French) text 68.783 coins went to Musee National de Sofia and 12.261 to Musee de Varna. Following that is the text: Plus de 20.000 pieces ont ete prises par la population qui, dans la suite,les a vendues a des amateurs accourus de tous cotes, meme de l'etranger. Which I read to mean that there were over 20,000 coins sold off before the count was made for the book but I don't read French well enough to know if I should take that number to be included in the 80,000 or in addition to it. The original book was marked as Editions du Musee National Bulgare No, 31. Annuaire du Musee National Bulgare, Tome V, Supplement, Sofia Imprimerie de l'etat, 1934. I would think there would be an original in the museum in Sofia but do not know. The question of interest would be how many coins from the hoard remain in the two museums or if all were disbursed (melted?) soon after 1934. The coins shown in the plates (the rare ones not in Cohen) are generally F-VF and quite collectible so it would seem inappropriate to treat them like bullion but 350kg of silver (even if 50% pure) might be considered a 'liquid' treasure after the 20k best ones were removed. The last entry on the list is 50 'diverses' which I read to mean unidentifiable coins. This seems very low for so many coins so the condition of the hoard must have been generally sound. Scattered through the listings are very few brockages and fourree coins.
I did find interesting that the hoard included 29 coins of Mark Antony (galley types) including 4 too worn to read the numeral and 20 of the Restitution type of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. This means that five coins over 200 years old survived with readable legion numbers. There was nothing after them until the 102 Nero coins. I would not consider the rarity numbers meaningful until at least the 1480 Vespasians or maybe the 4498 Trajans. As I said, the book was of greatest value to Severan collectors like me who found interest in the 7256 Septimius listings and 3409 Domnas. The listing was done carefully enough that it is obvious that there was one Alexandria mint Septimius Legionary coin even though no separation by mints was made. At the time of this work, the idea there was an Alexandria mint was new in Western Europe and I have no idea if Mouchmov was aware of that study.
It is an interesting book even if just to make you wonder what it would be like to find a hoard of 80,000 silver coins.
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Pillar of the Community
United Kingdom
2100 Posts |
As a fellow Severan collector I own and use RD regularly. I only have a copy of the reprint produced by Barry Murphy some years back. Many eastern coins referenced in RIC/BMCRE/RSC cite examples within RD as the sources. Even when this is the only example known the coin can be rated C or S in RIC reinforcing Doug's coment about RIC rarity above.
Curtis Clay wrote the following preface to the reprint, which gives some insight into the status of the hoard:-
" The Reka Devnia hoard is by far the largest hoard of Roman silver coins of the period c. 64-238 AD ever published. Reign by reign, the representation of the individual types in the hoard clearly closely reflects their original volume of production, and the publication is therefore an essential tool both for the researcher who wants to reconstruct the chronological sequence of the coinage and for the coin dealer or collector who is interested in the true comparative rarity of the various types. To make proper use of the publication, however, one must be aware that whereas the listing of the 68,783 coins in Sofia seems to be generally accurate, that of the 12,261 coins in Varna is full of obvious errors. It frequently happens, for example, that all Varna coins of a certain reverse type will be reported under just one Cohen number with that type, overlooking date and obverse variants, whereas the Sofia coins of the same type will be carefully divided among all the applicable Cohen numbers and footnotes recording variants not in Cohen. To take one example, the common denarius of Septimius Severus with the type Victory holding garland over shield and date TR P VIII, Cohen 454, is reported to have been present in 157 specimens in Sofia but none in Varna, whereas the very rare variant of the same type with date TR P VIIII, Cohen 457, allegedly occurred in no specimens in Sofia but 21 in Varna! Obviously the 21 Varna specimens too almost certainly all read TR P VIII and have simply been misreported. It is essential when using the publication, then, not just to read off the alleged total numbers of each type, but to accept those numbers as correct only when they are composed of about 5/6 to 6/7 Sofia coins and 1/6 to 1/7 Varna coins, and to assume an error and attempt to correct it in all other cases. Until now scholars and other users of the publication have generally not recognized its defects and have therefore accepted the printed specimen totals without question, so introducing significant errors into their own works. The listing of the Varna coins is inaccurate in another way too: three rarer and more valuable groups of coins were apparently removed from the Varna section of the hoard before it was published, i.e. were doubtless stolen and sold. According to the publication, there were 54 denarii of Pertinax in the Sofia portion of the hoard, but only 1 in Varna; 70 denarii of Aquilia Severa in Sofia but only 1 in Varna; and 71 denarii of Orbiana in Sofia but none whatever in Varna. It cannot be mere coincidence that these three rare personages were so poorly represented or totally absent in Varna. There should have been 7 or 8 denarii of Pertinax and 10 or 11 each of Aquilia Severa and Orbiana in the Varna section of the hoard. These apparently missing Varna coins should be added to the published totals when judging the relative rarity of denarii of these three personages on the basis of the Reka Devnia figures. Fortunately the coins of other rare personages were present in the expected numbers in Varna so were evidently not looted: so the published Varna coins include 13 denarii of Nero, 8 of Galba, 7 of Otho, 22 of Vitellius, 24 of Aelius Cassar, 21 of Clodius Albinus, 51 of Macrinus, 18 of Diadumenian, and 42 of Julia Paula. A modern republication of this hoard would be extremely valuable, but will probably never come about. In the 1970s Dr. H.-D. Schultz, the curator of Roman coins in Berlin, was allowed to consult the Reka Devnia denarii of Lucilla in Sofia, but I believe he is the only scholar to have been granted access to the Sofia section of the hoard since World War II. Others desiring to view the Sofia coins have been turned down with excuses such as that the coins had to be individually catalogued before they could be shown or that they had been deposited in the National Bank for safekeeping. In the late 1980s or early 1990s the Numismatic Institute of the University of Vienna, Austria, conceived the project of sending teams of professors and students to Bulgaria in order to photograph and republish the Reka Devnia coins, but despite contacts to the Bulgarian academic community the Institute was not permitted access to the Sofia portion of the hoard and the project fizzled. The relevant correspondence is archived in the Institute's library in Vienna. Inquiring about the Reka Devnia denarii of Otho in Sofia via a Bulgarian professor in 1997, Dr. Jyrki Muona of Helsinki was informed that the coins were "unexpectedly 'totally unavailable' "! One has to fear that some of the rarer and more valuable coins in the Sofia section of the hoard may have suffered the same fate as the Pertinaxes, Aquilia Severas, and Orbianas at Varna!"
Regards, Martin
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Pillar of the Community
United Kingdom
2100 Posts |
Curtis Clay also had the following thoughts on the coins of Pescennius Niger in RD.
"...Pescennii were absent from the RD hoard, and I no not think they are often found in Austria and Hungary either. I think we may conclude that Severan officials carefully removed denarii of Pescennius from all payments made to their own soldiers! Certainly Niger was condemned and his denarii outlawed quite generally, but a particular effort will have been made to keep them out of payments destined for the soldiers!"
Regards, Martin
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Replies: 4 / Views: 3,415 |
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