Mauryan Karshapana are exceptionally difficult to ID. There are a couple of problems that exist.
1)No one is sure which punch marks are control marks, counter stamps or banker's marks.
2)No where on the coin does it have the name of the issuing authority.
3)The small thick Karshapana like the ones you have posted were circulated in the Indian region for 150-200 years. It was once thought that the Indians had no native coinage but that we know is incorrect. These coins are usually stamped irregularly with many of the symbols overlapping. So it is doubly difficult to understand what the symbols are and in what order they were applied. There is generally five symbols 4 on the obverse and usually one on the reverse.
It takes a great deal of research to be able to pin a particular coin to a particular ruler and is usually possible with first few rulers as they have symbols unique to their coins. I will post some of mine in a little while. As well expand a little on the history. The dynasty gave us some of the most powerful rulers that ever lived. The Patriarch Chandragupta Maurya defeated Alexander's general Seleukos I Nikator, and prevented the Greek penetration of the Ganges and Deccan plains. He created one of the first,most powerful and largest empire ever known in ancient India.
Edited by Ancientnoob
11/28/2013 08:37 am