Newish Collector With Many Questions

Rather than try to give specific answers to your questions, I shall offer some general advice and observations regarding the issues raised in your questions.

1. Storage.

Coins are made of bright, shiny metal. The Earth's atmosphere is the enemy of bright shiny metal and seizes every opportunity given it to attempt to turn that metal back into the rusty, crumbly ore from whence it came.

There are three main atmospheric agents that endanger coins.

- Oxygen. Not terribly much you can do about this one, unless you move to the Moon. Most containers that claim to be "airtight" are really just "air-resistant" and let air in, eventually. All we can do is seal coins up as best as possible; the few genuinely air-tight options out there are also mostly very bad at allowing you to actually look at the coins while sealed up. Vacuum-sealing is a step some go for when sealing up coins for long-term storage.

- Sulfur. This is the primary reason why coins tone, especially silver coins. Sulfur can get into the air through several routes: cooking (foods like eggs and garlic are sulfur-rich), industrial pollution (though environmental regulations have greatly reduced the amount of sulfur pollution in recent decades), and volatile sulfur compounds released from certain types of rubber and coloured paper/cardboard. The easiest way to prevent sulfur reaction is to not keep your coins in the prroximity of such sulfur sources. If that's not possible, try storing some "sacrificial" metal to soak up the sulfur before it can get to your coins; this is the principle behind the "intercept shield" line of coin storage products.

- Water. You might not think there's much water in the atmosphere, but there's easily enough to do damage. Water condensing on the surface of a cold coin can absorb oxygen and sulfur out of the atmosphere much faster than the atmosphere alone can, so it accelerates the activity of any chemical agents present. Water can also form hydroxides, carbonates and (if near the ocean) chlorides, which form much uglier and more active patches of corrosion on coins, especially those made of more reactive metals such as copper or zinc. Of the three atmospheric hazards, water is by far the most dangerous. Fortunately, it's the easiest to control: move to Arizona, turn on the air conditioner/dehumidifier and store silica gel in the box or safe with the coins. Making sure the coins stay at constant temperature, to prevent condensation from forming, is also preferred.

2. Errors

The first thing you need to be aware of is the vocabulary. There are two terms that get bandied about in the coin collecting universe, and some people tend to treat them as interchangeable, when they really aren't.

An "error" is a defective coin that results from some breakdown in the coin production machinery at the mint: a die gets misaligned, a coin gets stuck and fails to eject properly, that sort of thing. Some common types of errors include misaligned dies, broadstrikes, brockages, die caps and clipped planchets. Errors are usually "one-off" events and rarely will any two error coins look the same. Verifying and properly evaluating errors can be rather challenging, requiring a good understanding of exactly how the coin in question was made and what circumstances might exist to cause such an error to form.

Then there are "varieties". A variety is caused by some subtle change in the design of the coin caused by something different or unusual happening to the die. Into this category fall things such as hub doubling, overdates, repunched mintmarks, die cracks, die clashes and mules. Varieties are caused by the dies, and the number of varieties depends on how long those two dies struck coins together. As such, varieties are rarely "unique" in the same sense that errors are.

As a start I'd suggest getting a copy of the Red Book by Whitman Publishing. For now doesn't have to be the latest edition and if you can find an older one at a used book store, might find it very educational. For one thing in that book it is explained about the different types of error coins. Not all but many. Also, great descriptions of each type of coin. You also may want to check out the Whitman Publishing web site for a list of available books on coins, types, errors, etc. Suggest a catalog from them. But remember that buying from them is expensive.
Next if you can find by Google or Yahoo a list of coin shows in your area or near by areas, go to a few of them prior to getting to involved in coins. At 20 years old you have lots of time to find out what you want and how much to get involved.
As to storing coins, there are many methods people may suggest. Some are placing the coins in individual 2x2 type flips. Others use Albums, plastic rolls, Folders etc. Just one more thing for you to decide as you find out more and more about this hobby.

Your getting some very good advice.

I would be curious what type of coins you have or plan to collect

In my opinion proof and mint state coins need better care than circulated coins. I am not saying not to store circulated coins in a proper way,
But some need special care to keep them from harm.

As for variety and error coins, I think the cherry packers guide books are
a good start.

I agree with Conder101.

Here is a post that I have bookmarked for reference...

https://goccf.com/t/83936&whichpage=2#687455

Welcome Aecaus, if you are interested in errors and books on errors one of our experts here has wrote the book on them, many in fact, his handel is koinpro and he hangs around the modern errors forum

Its MS67 from PCGS :D one of the first cpoins I ever purchased myself!