Help Id'ing Ancient Coins (Byzantine? Constantine? Assyrian?)

I agree on #1, an extremely rare coin and of some value if genuine, even in rough condition. The king's titles in Arabic are still legible in the obverse margin: al-malik al-Amjad Fath al-Dunya wa al-Din. The reverse cites the 'Abbasid caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah and the king's Ayyubid overlord al-Ashraf Musa bin Abi Bakr. Unfortunately, there may an issue with provenance. Iraq has very strict laws regarding private ownership and export of antiquities, including coins.

https://cNGCoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=163313

I believe #2 may be a Roman Provincial from Rhasaena (Rhesaena), Mesopotamia. The reverse shows a head of Tyche to the left of a centaur shooting an arrow. For comparison:
https://cNGCoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=129752


Number 3 appears to have a vexillium/vexillum reverse. I suspect it may be from that same city (Rhasaena/Rhesaena), perhaps a Caracalla.

Wow - you folks are all over it! I thank you for what you all have been able to bring to light thus far.

Re: provenance; Kushanshah you have hit on something here. Please recognize me for the ignorant that I (am?) was - At the time I was a younger man and I had no real thought about the international/ legal implications of this gift. I was just happy to be leaving Iraq alive, and as we went through customs the coins were in a bag with my things (no one said anything about them at the time, right wrong or indifferent).

Naturally, as the years have gone by it has given me some thought that accepting them may not have been the right thing to do. I believe what lends truth to this particular coin (the Zengid) is that the man was from Sinjar, and we routinely operated in the Sinjar / Tal'Afar / teritorial north-west Nineveh province. He was my interpreter's father, actually.

The gentlemen told me that farmers routinely would find these types of things when they were plowing their fields to sow barley. I do know on top of Mt. Sinjar there was a small temple or shrine (we had a small radio transmitter on top of it we would resupply). While I do not feel that these are or were in any way stolen or from a museum, they are indeed part of that country's history. Perhaps it is a misfortune that I have come to own them, I honestly cannot say.

I have no intentions of selling any of these, mind you - I have just always been curious as to what they are, where they came from (and then I could at least research those societies for a deeper revelation about those people).

Would anyone like to see the other 18? The picture optimizer here actually made uploading those pretty easy.

Yes, please post one or two at a time in separate threads.

D:


E:


F:

J:


K:


L:

P:


Q:


R:


In poking around this and other forums last night, I did randomly find an image similar to R, and it is possible that this is a Constantine II as Caesar /Jupiter with victory on a globe? The instance I found that looks similar is https://nobleromancoins.com/product...ucts_id=2297

But there were a few discrepancies, in particular on the Jupiter depiction below the dot on the right side, the character there seems different between the two. Another mint? A different issue? I dunno.