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Can anyone help with what the markings on the front of the coin mean?
The large letter "M" in the middle is the
Greek numeral "40". It's the denomination-mark; in the monetary reform introduced by emperor Anastasius I in 498 AD, there were 40 nummi to a follis. Above the M is a Christian cross.
To either side of the M is the date: ANNO (Latin for "year") to the left, and "19" in Roman numerals (XVIIII) to the right. Year 19 of Justinian I began in mid-545 AD.
Below the M are the mintmarks: NIKO for the city of Nicomedia, the small A-shape directly beneath the M is the Greek numeral "1" for the first mint-office within the city of Nicomedia.
On the obverse we have a sytlized portrait of the emperor, with his titles in Latin: DN IVSTINIANVS PF AVG, or something similar - fewer and fewer people could speak Latin by 545 AD, and spelling errors in the Latin text were becoming common.
This example on Wildwinds from Year 16 is in better condition.
Don't say "infinitely" when you mean "very"; otherwise, you'll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite. - C. S. Lewis