Half Joes Or Johannes In Use In English Colonies And The United States

I am investigating the history of the use of the portuguese 6400 reis, peças, or 4 escudos, in different areas of the americas. And their production.

I know that they circulated in north America and in the Caribbean. I have read one of the books about the counterstamped coins in use in the Caribbean islands. In those islands there was a mess of a mixture of clipped and underweight portuguese 4 escudos coins, good weight genuine coins, and contemporary forgeries that were always underweight and only sometimes made with a debased alloy.

Ralph Gordon, who wrote about the counterstamped coins, said that fake underweight coins were produced both in Europe, in Geneva and Birmingham, and in the United States, in a place or places as yet unidentified. He was writing in 1987.

Does anyone here know of newer research about the forgeries of these coins?
Or about published works where the use and value of the half joes in North America is explained?