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USA 1 Cent 1991 D Strike Through?

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smauggie's Avatar
United States
271 Posts
 Posted 02/01/2025  02:42 am Show Profile   Bookmark this topic Add smauggie to your friends list Get a Link to this Message Number of Subscribers
Greetings,

I am thinking that the best explanation for the strange markings on this coin are an assortment of small strike throughts.

Obverse


Reverse


I would appreciate your input.
Thanks.
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Errers and Varietys's Avatar
United States
59507 Posts
 Posted 02/01/2025  02:48 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add Errers and Varietys to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
I'm thinking that it's all PMD, rather than a Struck Through. The reverse and obverse are showing damage.
Errers and Varietys.
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Dearborn's Avatar
United States
71843 Posts
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Spence's Avatar
United States
33117 Posts
 Posted 02/01/2025  06:38 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add Spence to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Yes mechanical damage for sure. You can see where the metal has been "smeared" in several places.
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ijn1944's Avatar
United States
17495 Posts
 Posted 02/01/2025  06:59 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add ijn1944 to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Agree. Post-strike damage. Might have spent a short time in a parking lot before being rescued.
Pillar of the Community
United States
572 Posts
 Posted 02/01/2025  09:50 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add donnie59 to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Agree. This looks like gravel rash to me.
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jbuck's Avatar
United States
164048 Posts
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smauggie's Avatar
United States
271 Posts
 Posted 02/03/2025  10:12 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add smauggie to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
I spent a long time looking at this coin and I think I have finally figured it out.



In this close-up of the obverse I think there are interesting things that you don't see and interesting things that you do see.

First, what you don't see is an obvious overall scratching and grooving that would be quite obvious on a coin at this level of magnification.

You also do not see grooves or scratches going into and/or coming out of the divots on the surface of this coin.

What you do see is that the depths of these divots on the obverse are very well plated with copper, which would be very odd for post mint damage.

My hypothesis regarding the story of this coin:

This coin started it's life as a thick zinc plate. The plate was put under pressure to make it thinner and thinner so that it could be used to punch out cent planchets. I think on one or more of the passes through the thinning machine, the plate was not properly annealed, causing the metal to fracture and chunks of metal to break out of the plate.

I think this faulty plate was then punched to make a faulty planchet.

I think it is possible that because this planchet had a much higher surface area then a regular planchet due to all the holes, the electrolyte used to plate the coin with copper pooled in the holes causeing the planchet to be improperly plated.

I think the smearing of the metal that Spence was seeing was the deformation of the various divots on the planchet that were caused when it was struck by the design dies.





Anyway, that's my Two Cents.
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HGK3's Avatar
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538 Posts
 Posted 02/03/2025  1:39 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add HGK3 to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
They don't anneal zinc during the thinning process. The metal is thinned mechanically and turned into a very large roll (around 1300 feet long), at which point it is fed into a blanking machine which punches out the planchets.

In fact, one of the "advantages" in using Zinc is that it's considered to be "self annealing" because it's such a soft metal (3/10 on the Mohs scale) and they don't have to anneal the sheet, the blank or the planchets at any point in the process to make them strike up better.

Second, assuming there were defects in the surface of the planchet (which happens), when it is struck by the dies and has 50 tons of pressure applied to it nothing can exist or remain outside of the shape of the pattern of the dies because that much force makes the metal move like a liquid and it literally flows into the recesses of the die.

Depressions in the planchet can be created by foreign material on the die or the planchet, but your coin shows metal that has been moved outside the shape of the intended devices.

Look along the bottom of the base of the memorial, for instance. There are at least 4 spots where metal exists outside of the intended line of the device. The biggest one is just right of center.

That can't happen during the striking of the coin because any such defect would have to either an defect on the die (which means thousands of other such error coins would have been found) or it would be obliterated by the strike.

The first two columns on the left, at their top, both show moved metal, as do both columns in photo 5.

Can't say definitively that every divot in your cent is due to PMD based just on your posted photos, but when you see that much metal movement the PMD alternative just makes more sense.

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Cujohn's Avatar
United States
7174 Posts
 Posted 02/03/2025  3:37 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add Cujohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
All of this is damage.
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smauggie's Avatar
United States
271 Posts
 Posted 02/04/2025  12:42 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add smauggie to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Thank you for your response, HGK3.
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