Your coin is actually
this one, a 25 satang dated 2489 in the Thai calendar, or AD 1946. The denomination-numerals are the two characters to the left of the garuda-bird. The king depicted here is actually the current king's elder brother, who died in mysterious circumstances in the year this coin was dated. I say "dated" rather than "struck" because thee coins were actually struck for a long time after the king's brother had died (1954-1964), all bearing the "1946" date.
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So they are made of tin, does that darken with rust or something?
does the dark colour reduce their worth or something as well?This is indeed a tin coin, and tin coins do turn black after spending some time in circulation. The black colour is a layer of sulfides, oxides and organotin compounds formed from reacting with oil and sweat on human hands. Since it is a "natural" colour for tin coins to turn, it does not directly make any difference to the catalogue value of your coin, since any heavily circulated tin coin is going to turn the same dark colour. However, it does affect what the catalogue value actually is, since as a general rule, tin coins (and zinc coins, which similarly turn black in circulation) generally aren't worth much in low grades, because of the unappealing colour they turn.
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