TwoKopeiki is correct (as he always is when discussing 8 reales), the Ultraque Unum means "(he made)both one" referring to the kings of Spain making the old and the new world into one empire. Don't forget the symbolism of the crown of Spain over the two globes, showing his dominion over the world and as pointed out above "and beyond" I personally love pillar dollars, they symbolize the the power of the Spanish Empire at its peak. They deserve their title as "la moneda del mundo", "the coin of the world".




















