The main causes and accelerants of toning are:
- atmospheric sulfur - normally sulfur dioxide. Typically a problem in polluted industrial cities (though less so these days with increasing eco-awareness). Other sulfur-containing objects, such as paper, cardboard and rubber bands, can also cause toning problems and should be kept well clear of the coins.
- atmospheric chloride - salt, typically from residing near the ocean, a salt lake or other saline environment. Tends to turn a coin white or milky, rather than the black-brown of "real" tarnish, but can still destroy the lustrous appearance of silver.
- atmospheric water - moisture, humidity. Harmless in itself, but it greatly speeds up the reaction of chloride and/or sulfur. Keep silica gel or a similar desiccant in the safe to keep the moisture down, and avoid "document safes" that have built-in humidifiers. If possible, avoid taking your coins out and looking at them on rainy or humid days.
- atmospheric particulates - smog, wood smoke and tobacco smoke are a cocktail of nasty chemicals which can quickly wreak havoc on a shiny silver coin. Whether you smoke or not, your collection should be a No Smoking Zone.
- atmospheric oxygen - Bright and shiny is not the natural state of silver; given time it will eventually oxidise, even if you keep the exposure of other atmospheric nasties to a minimum.
- Dodgy plastic used in the albums and storage containers. As justcarl is fond of pointing out, it's not normally the plastic itself that's the true culprit, it's the other stuff they put in the plastic to make it look nice, that can cause problems years down the track. Nowadays most collectors are aware of the "PVC problem" and avoid the cheap and nasty albums. Also be careful of plastic safe lining, especially the foam insulation in fire-resistant safes.
- Temperature. As with all chemical reactions, the toning of silver happens faster at higher temperatures. This, combined with the fact that hotter air normally contains more moisture, proves that the old medicine bottle instructions "Store in a cool dry place" applies to your coins, too. Avoid taking your coins through extremes of temperature, hot-cold-hot-cold - you're bound to get condensation (moisture!) forming on the coins doing that.
As you can see, most of the problems are atmospheric. Keep your coins away from the air as much as possible and they should stay in pristine condition. Benji's idea of a vacuum chamber would work, though it's probably impractical for most collectors.
- atmospheric sulfur - normally sulfur dioxide. Typically a problem in polluted industrial cities (though less so these days with increasing eco-awareness). Other sulfur-containing objects, such as paper, cardboard and rubber bands, can also cause toning problems and should be kept well clear of the coins.
- atmospheric chloride - salt, typically from residing near the ocean, a salt lake or other saline environment. Tends to turn a coin white or milky, rather than the black-brown of "real" tarnish, but can still destroy the lustrous appearance of silver.
- atmospheric water - moisture, humidity. Harmless in itself, but it greatly speeds up the reaction of chloride and/or sulfur. Keep silica gel or a similar desiccant in the safe to keep the moisture down, and avoid "document safes" that have built-in humidifiers. If possible, avoid taking your coins out and looking at them on rainy or humid days.
- atmospheric particulates - smog, wood smoke and tobacco smoke are a cocktail of nasty chemicals which can quickly wreak havoc on a shiny silver coin. Whether you smoke or not, your collection should be a No Smoking Zone.
- atmospheric oxygen - Bright and shiny is not the natural state of silver; given time it will eventually oxidise, even if you keep the exposure of other atmospheric nasties to a minimum.
- Dodgy plastic used in the albums and storage containers. As justcarl is fond of pointing out, it's not normally the plastic itself that's the true culprit, it's the other stuff they put in the plastic to make it look nice, that can cause problems years down the track. Nowadays most collectors are aware of the "PVC problem" and avoid the cheap and nasty albums. Also be careful of plastic safe lining, especially the foam insulation in fire-resistant safes.
- Temperature. As with all chemical reactions, the toning of silver happens faster at higher temperatures. This, combined with the fact that hotter air normally contains more moisture, proves that the old medicine bottle instructions "Store in a cool dry place" applies to your coins, too. Avoid taking your coins through extremes of temperature, hot-cold-hot-cold - you're bound to get condensation (moisture!) forming on the coins doing that.
As you can see, most of the problems are atmospheric. Keep your coins away from the air as much as possible and they should stay in pristine condition. Benji's idea of a vacuum chamber would work, though it's probably impractical for most collectors.
Don't say "infinitely" when you mean "very"; otherwise, you'll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite. - C. S. Lewis




















