Seljuk Gold Dinar - 1043-1056 Ad

For the first 500 years or so of its history, Islamic coinage generally followed the same formula. The exact layout changed a little, and the script used changed a bit too, but otherwise they are very similar.

On the obverse (your top pic), the central text begins with part of the Kalima, the Islamic statement of faith: "There is no God but Allah, He is alone, He has no partner". Beneath this is the name of the 'Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad at the time, Al-Qa'im.

The inner ring gives the Bismallah, which states the basic information about the coin's issue; some variant of "By Allah's Will, this dinar was struck in [name of the mint-city] in the year [the date, written out in full]". Unfortunately, on this piece, I don't think enough of the date and mintmark has survived to be useful.

The outer ring, which rarely appears fully intact on coins of this period, is a verse from the Koran, Sura 9:3-4, "To Allah belongs the command before and after and on that day the believers will rejoice in the victory of Allah".

Now to the other side. The central text continues the Kalima, "Mohammed is the Prophet of Allah". Then we have the name of the actual Seljuk ruler, Tughril Beg, who if I read it correctly is curiously given the title of "Malik" (king) rather than Sultan.

The legend around the outside on this side is another verse form the Koran, this time Sura 9:33 which appeared on the reverses of most early Islamic coins: "Mohammed is the Prophet of Allah. He has sent him with guidance and the religion of truth to enlighten all religion, although the polytheists dislike it.".

Sorry it's taken me a while to respond - thanks for all the information, it is much appreciated.