I believe the last high denomination notes were DELIVERED to the Treasury in December 1945.
The 500 and 1000 dollar notes circulated pretty freely. It was not unusual for cars and houses to be paid for in cash 75 years ago. (YES, you could buy a car or a house for that kind of money back then!)
Although not circulated as widely, the 5000 and 10000 dollar bills were available in the "big city" banks. At one time, Binions Casino in Las Vegas had a "Million Dollar Display" in front of the casino with 100 ten thousand dollar bills in it! They were eventually sold, slabbed and are available on the secondary market on occasions.
The 100000 dollar notes circulated strictly within the Fed.