The British Museum has some info about them...
https://finds.org.uk/counties/finds...apal-bullae/Seals for documents have been used since ancient times. The Babylonians and Assyrians used stone cylinder seals with designs and pressed them on soft clay cuneiform tablets. I have a late Roman lead seal of unknown person, bought from an auction years ago. Whoever it was must have been upper class, perhaps a politician or officer in the military. I doubt the poor had any reason to seal a document or maybe seal a box.
The Papacy continued this practice with their lead bullae. Hot wax with an impression was/is also used. I haven't done much reading about seals, but they are interesting. Some people collect bullae, old seals, old weights and scales, tokens, etc. but they are not as popular as coins. I have a few lead Scotland communion tokens from 1600s to 1800s which were used by churches to affirm you were a member before you could partake in the sacrament.

Edited by livingwater
01/19/2023 08:52 am