There is no direct conversion, but what you are actually asking is covered in rmpsrpms's answer above.
A pixel is a measurement on the display, it does not have a physical mapping except for that model of display. You will also see them quoted in dpi (dots per inch).
A 16:9 27" 1920x1080 display has a panel size of 27" diagonal or about 23.5" wide and 13.2" high.
1920/23.5 and 1080/13.2 gives you that each pixel on the display is 0.12257" square (actually a little less because there is a small border).
If you want to print an image that is say 4x6 at 100dpi, you need 400 x 600 dots.
There are also printer's measurements, points, ems, picas, etc. A point is 1/72" (or 72 points to the inch).
While your graphics program can deal with one or more of those, it's primarily to produce scaled & camera ready images.
Your computer maps dpi to / from pixel size internally. (If you get deep into Microsoft Windows, many measurements are internally in pixels, some in points, other in twips (1/1440") - different APIs expose different things).
For example a point is 1/72".
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