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Recent Pickup - Contemporary Counterfeit Chihuahua 8 Reales

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 Posted 04/16/2025  2:04 pm Show Profile   Bookmark this topic Add threefifty to your friends list Get a Link to this Message Number of Subscribers
I bought this coin recently for my one-per-mint counterfeit collection. I had a feeling looking at it that it was a contemporary counterfeit, and I wasn't disappointed! Measurements are 22.34 grams, estimated specific gravity of 9.8. In general the coin is even cruder than most Chihuahuas, and the validation stamps are also significantly outside the norm, with the T looking like an I. The pomegranate punch is not square and looks like a ball on the end of a stick. The colonial edge is also present but poorly done. I've owned several Chihuahuas over the past few years, not a large sample size, but enough to get a feel for the coinage. They have ranged in weight from about 24.5 to 28 grams, with none testing lower than 10.2 for specific gravity.

Francisco Cebreiro Ares published an excellent paper a few years back (https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.ph...p=no&tlng=en ) which references a court case in 1813 in Cusihuiriachi where an individual was convicted of counterfeiting the provisional coinage of Chihuahua and sentenced to 4 years in prison. The counterfeits were described as high-quality casts (like genuine Chihuahua coinage) but of fineness of 9 dineros 3 granos (approximately 76% silver). The coinage circulating in the town was brought in for evaluation and approximately 20% was found to be counterfeit. At a specific gravity of 9.8 my example is possibly 55% silver, 45% copper (assuming no other elements are mixed in, I haven't done an XRF test yet).

Thought I would share as I have not seen many others of this type. A couple have sold on ebay over the years. Curious if anyone else has any strange ones, genuine or not, in your collection? Especially you, colonialjohn!




Edited by threefifty
04/16/2025 10:02 pm
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Hondo Boguss's Avatar
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 Posted 04/16/2025  2:10 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add Hondo Boguss to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Very nice pickup, threefifty!
Inordinately fascinated by bits of metal with strange markings and figures
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jbuck's Avatar
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colonialjohn's Avatar
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 Posted 04/16/2025  6:25 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
I did receive your message and indeed yours is an interesting Chihuahua Cast 8R's. As with any exploratory work in counterfeits I do think we need to proceed slowly. Luckily I was wrong in that in the Mexican Numismatic Association Website for members only under the MNA Journals section of September 2013 my XRF study of Chihuahua and some later restrikes (i.e., post 1815) is present for your review and for any other MNA member. One thing I have noticed for typical MNA members is that anything that looks different is immediately a probable counterfeit and/or probably produced much LATER and is not of the same striking period. I guess this EASIER on the brain thinking this way - ALWAYS. This specimen however is crude as is my Specimen #3 and Specimen #3 did have surface XRF values performed which need to be used with caution due to some effects of silver surface enrichment as the outside corrosion layer of a silver copper alloy is almost always different than its core. In any case a triplicate surface XRF analysis yielded Ag (55.39% - 76.49%), Cu (20.13%-51.05%) however Au (0.31-0.33%) and Pt (0.72-0.78%) were as with so-called regal levels or other specimens of ~90% Ag and therefore the silver appears to be of the period. I have mentioned this several times and to Max Keech and Mike Dunnigan I have seen several (~ 3 specimens) and own one Chihuahua Cast Regal 8R with a PLAIN EDGE. So this cast making process during these turbulent revolutionary times may not always be 100% perfect without some anomalies IMO? Perhaps even the silver content at ~90%? Unfortunately I can not ZOOM-IN into my September 2013 enough to compare the pillar of Hercules but from memory it may be as crude/similar to this piece with this crude countermark which is very different. Suffice to say its a really crude piece similar to yours as the portrait strike is very weak and the quality is way off as compared to most others. It should also be noted that specimen #4 in my study had 90% Ag readings in triplicate but weighed only 22.9 grams. I suspect with a large enough database this 26.5 gram standard weight for Chihuahuas if there ever was one may not be much of any significance? So in conclusion - my Specimen #3 piece is as crude as yours IMO and is of a low silver and heavily debased with copper but the Pt/Au levels demonstrate it to be a probable period piece whether made by the Royalists or an outside counterfeiter. Just as some Chihuahuas have plain edges can some be debased with copper due to silver inventories not always being ADEQUATE? Specimen #4 in my study with 90% Ag in a surface triplicate analysis and its weight at 22.9 grams seems to suggest this premise. I am also working on a paper now for publication later this year on Monclova counterfeits possibly of the period. Just FYI.
Edited by colonialjohn
04/16/2025 6:33 pm
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 Posted 04/17/2025  1:21 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add threefifty to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Hi John,

Thank you for the detailed reply! With these pieces it is not my intent to rush to conclusions... however, I do wonder if there is any evidence that regal provisional pieces, specifically from Chihuahua, were ever debased. The paper I mentioned provides the following direct text and quote from a great primary source, the Chihuahua assayer, Ramon Peymbert (RP):

"In the case of the Real de Cusihuiriachi, the counterfeits are very similar to the originals. This aspect was favored by the exceptional fact that the coins officially issued by the provisional coinage were also cast. In the words of assayer Ramón Peymbert: "The first coin has a fineness of nine dineros [and] four grains, and the second has nine dineros [and] three grains. If the fineness of the [acordonada] weren't so low, I would surely say it came from this coinage [Chihuahua]." In this case, the tools of the counterfeiters Carrillo and Quiñones were relatively larger than those of the smaller coinage makers. In fact, the quality of the small cord they applied to the coins led Peymbert to believe they had a rewind cord."

(The last two sentences are weirdly translated but I interpret them to mean that the counterfeiters had a Castaing machine to apply an edge (cordoncillo) and that some of the coins had an edge and some did not, since he is specifically referring to one of the pieces as "acordonada".)

So the assayer (RP) was expressing that 76% silver was lower than standard, which makes sense. Of course, if pieces were debased, the assayer wouldn't own up to it (since it was a crime and all...) but overall, this source documents that there was indeed a counterfeiting operation in 1812 - 1813 that produced hundreds of debased cast coins in imitation of regal Chihuahua pieces. I don't think it's too much of a reach then to suggest debased coins with appearances outside the norm are likely to be contemporary counterfeits, especially since they could be cast without having to make false dies (except for the punches, which could likely be easily falsified due to their simplicity and poor application on genuine pieces).

I really recommend reading the paper I linked. My link isn't working well so I added the citation below. Deserving of its own separate thread, the paper also describes another separate court case covered in which the 1812 Zacatecas dies were stolen and used to create counterfeits.

CEBREIRO ARES, Francisco. A Provisional Lèse-majesté: Court Cases of Counterfeiting in the Real Audiencia of New Galicia (1802-1820). Relac. Estud. hist. soc. [online]. 2021, vol.42, n.165, pp.49-77. Epub Feb 03, 2022. ISSN 2448-7554. https://doi.org/10.24901/rehs.v42i165.768.



Edited by threefifty
04/17/2025 1:24 pm
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 Posted 04/18/2025  5:37 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add colonialjohn to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Excellent. This article does explain why a counterfeit may exist for Chihuahua Cast 8R's and perhaps may explain why some may have plain edges if of a debased silver alloy? although they even had some degree of edging these pieces Its also interesting that other Zacatecas type counterfeits may exist. This may help explain some unusual Monclova pieces that I am currently writing about - in short 3/50 this is huge! JPL
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 Posted 04/18/2025  10:20 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add threefifty to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Glad you found the article helpful. I think the author intended it for an audience interested in the legal aspects of the cases, but there are some really great numismatic details present. It would be nice if we can look into some of the sources as well to see if we can pick up other info that could shed light on some of the counterfeit/genuine discussions of the provisional coinage.
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