Here is a list of notes from my collection featuring scientific subjects - astronomy, biology, botany, mathematics, physics etc. (I've omitted archaeology as it warrants a separate list.)
Australia 20 Dollars (1994-2001) Pedal transceiver wireless set.
Australia 50 Dollars (1973-94) Astronomical and scientific instruments.
Australia 100 Dollars (1984-92) Antarctic geological cross-section illustrations.
Brazil 1000 Cruzeiros (1978-86) Contour map and measuring instrument.
Brazil 50 Cruzados (1986-88) Microscope.
Brazil 10,000 Cruzados (1989) Biology lab scene.
Colombia 20,000 Pesos (1996- ) Astronomical and mathematical diagrams.
Croatia various (1991-93) Geometric calculations.
Ethiopia 100 Birr (1997-2000) Biology lab scene.
Germany-Federal Republic 10 Marks (1989-99) Mathematical diagram and theodolite.
Great Britain 1 Pound (1978-84) Astronomical calculation, telescope and prism.
Great Britain 20 Pounds (1991-93) Physics lecture and instruments.
Iraq 10 Dinars (1980-82) Geometric calculation.
Italy 2000 Lire (1973-83) Galilean and modern telescopes.
Italy 2000 Lire (1990) Early telegraph station and radio.
Italy 10,000 Lire (1984) Early physics/electricity instrument.
Northern Ireland 5 Pounds (1999-2000) Space shuttle.
Poland 1000 Zlotych (1975-82) Astronomical/atomic design.
Portugal 20 Escudos (1978) Navigation instruments.
Romania 2,000 Lei (1999) Solar system and solar eclipse designs.
Scotland 20 Pounds (1995-2006) Scientific research lab.
Serbia 100 Dinara (2003- ) Mathematical formula and physics/electrical design.
Serbia 500 Dinara (2004) Geophysical map and design.
Slovenia 20 Tolarjev (1992) Contour map and instrument.
Slovenia 50 Tolarjev (1992) Geometric design and calculations.
Spain 1000 Pesetas (1992) Early navigation instrument.
Spain 5000 Pesetas (1992) Astrolabe.
Sweden 100 Kronor (1986-2000) Botanical illustrations.
Switzerland 10 Franken (1979-92) Mathematical and astronomical calculations.
Turkey 10 Lirasi (2009) Mathematical formula.
Yugoslavia various Physics/electrical experiments.
To be honest I'm quite surprised at how few scientific innovations are featured on banknotes.
And just a few illustrations:





