1970 S Lincoln - Repunched Date Or Doubled Die?

Looks like a worn die from here.

There is no possibility of a repunched date since it was never punched in the first place, the date is part of the hub design.

you read it wrong- it says nothing about the hub, only the galvano-



RPDs are simply not possible on any modern 20th/21st century coin series because the full date is part of the hub design, the date is already in place when all working dies are created.

Bio is correct..




Actually the 20 Century started in 1901. When we count we start with one NOT zero..... .

I know this is off topic, but sorry, I have to chime in.

Well, I'm a computer engineer and if you know mathematics (being an engineer you take a ton of calculus and math), when using numbers they are zero based.

I know when you go back in time, all the way to year 1 and then to year BC 1, there is no zero. Well, guess what? They messed up, because they weren't a mathematician. Hence the reason why people start with 1 and not zero for years.

It can get really complex, but interesting:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_number

Just like we use decimal numbers, AKA base 10. Which means numbers 0-9 and not 1-10. Hence bases start at zero and not one. Counting can start at one, but not zero, since why would you count from zero, which means nothing? And since 2000 is not zero, you can start the century at 2000.

Just like centuries. The 20th century is 1900-1999.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century

Therefore the 21st century starts at 2000.

I know Wikipedia isn't the definitive answer and anyone can hack it, but it is all that is online to such a large extreme and almost always it is correct. That's why I posted examples. Otherwise it just becomes opinionated and not worth anything.

You see the comments I started from my post lol anyways that coin went in the copper pile because after relooking at it it didn't look like anything from the pic oh well got plenty more rolls to go threw.

Mathematicians can argue all they want, but the centuries begin with years ending in one and end in years ending in zero. I didn't make the history, I just report it. For some reason it has only been in the past two centuries where people forgot how to count, because prior to 1901 most people knew when the centuries began and ended.

Anyhow, the initial point being that a word was left out of a post earlier that started this whole fiasco.

Someone said something about this being a possible repunched date, and someone else replied that it couldn't be a repunched date because the date was not punched in the first place. That person was absolutely correct, but someone else came along and posted something completely irrelevant about galvanos - which aren't the dies at all.

Anyway, the really correct answer (for those who need two sources in order to believe anything) is that repunched dates are impossible beginning with any series that started AFTER the beginning of the 20th century. Those series in place when the 20th century began, could still have repunched dates.

Now while the first two digits were part of the galvano until around 1980 when they stopped using galvanos, they still weren't all that went into the individual working dies. You see, there are a LOT of steps between the galvano and the working dies...

First, what causes a repunched date? Well, that's simple. A date is punched into a die, and then it's punched again. This is a throw-back to the days when the date was hand-struck into each individual die. This practice was NEVER done on a Lincoln Cent die.

So...what's the galvano and how does it come into play here? Well, really it doesn't. But anyhow, a galvano is a large version of a coin, usually bronzed to make it nice and hard. It is the large version of the Janvier reduction lathe, which reduces the design onto a master hub. It's the master hub that makes the master dies. So the first two date digits were on the master hub because it was a reduced copy of the galvano. Then the master hub would be used to hub the master dies. Again, they started out without the last two digits of the date - but someone would complete the date on the master dies, then turn that around to make working hubs, which in turn made working dies. Those are what make the coins.

So you see, with ALL series STARTING within the 20th century, repunched dates and over dates are impossible because the whole date situation was taken care of WELL before the working dies were even born, and ALL repunched dates and overdates are the result of date digits being hand punched into working dies.

So there you have it.