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1977A $1 Star Notes... Print Run Madness

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CelticKnot's Avatar
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 Posted 07/23/2016  02:09 am Show Profile   Bookmark this topic Add CelticKnot to your friends list Get a Link to this Message Number of Subscribers
Can someone tell me what's going on with the print run craziness for 1977A $1 star notes?

I have a star note SN D05853793* that appears to be from a run of 8,000 according to uspapermoney. But there are dozens of other 8k runs right around "my" run (run 10). 32 runs total. So does that mean my star note is really from a 32 * 8k = 256k run?

All the star notes from 1977A are like this. There are a few large runs 640k but the rest are broken into 4k, 8k, 12k, and 16k chunks.

For example, here's a snip of 3 rows from the 1977A Group page over at uspapermoney.info.

Quote:

D 058 32001 * - D 058 40000 * 8,000 10:D1
D 058 52001 * - D 058 60000 * 8,000 10:E1
D 058 72001 * - D 058 80000 * 8,000 10:F1
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John1's Avatar
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 Posted 07/23/2016  05:03 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add John1 to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
http://www.uspapermoney.info/serials/f1977as.html
2,560,000 6 runs is what I read,but I have trouble with the info most of the time.Also have you checked to see if your note is the Natick note? A similar experiment took place in 1981, when the BEP produced a few print runs of notes on Natick security paper. The notes involved were Series 1977A $1's with serial numbers E 768 00001 H through E 806 40000 H and E 070 52001 * through E 076 80000 *. (Note that many references incorrectly list this star range as Philadelphia instead of Richmond.) One run of $10 star notes was also included in this paper test, making it the only experimental printing so far not restricted to the $1 denomination.
John1
Edited by John1
07/23/2016 05:06 am
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SteveInTampa's Avatar
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 Posted 07/23/2016  05:08 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add SteveInTampa to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
The explanation for the madness is here;
http://www.uspapermoney.info/serials/77stars.html
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CelticKnot's Avatar
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 Posted 07/23/2016  10:48 am  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CelticKnot to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
Thanks, John1 and Steve. Those are going to take a couple of reads through (at least) to sink in.
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CelticKnot's Avatar
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 Posted 07/24/2016  3:19 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CelticKnot to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply

Quote:
Also have you checked to see if your note is the Natick note?

Based on the serial range you provided (070 52001 * through E 076 80000 *), my D05853793* is not a Natick. Though now I have another one to look for. :)
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 Posted 07/24/2016  9:16 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add xxJOExx to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply

Quote:
So does that mean my star note is really from a 32 * 8k = 256k run?


Yes, the run size is 8,000 sheets, for a total of 256,000 notes.

The BEP uses a standard run size for its print runs. A certain range of serials is assigned to a run based on the standard run size. For example, the standard run size today for regular production notes ($1 through $20) is 200,000 sheets. The serial numbers assigned to run 1 will span 00000001 to 06400000 (32 plate positions times 200,000 sheets), serials numbers assigned to run 2 will span 06400001 to 12800000, and so on.

In the case of star notes, the standard run size today is 100,000 sheets. The serial numbers assigned to run 1 will span 00000001 to 03200000 (32 plate positions times 100,000 sheets), serial numbers assigned to run 2 will span 03200001 to 06400000, and so on.

When Series 1977A was in production, the standard run size for star notes was smaller -- just 20,000 sheets. The serial numbers assigned to run 1 spanned 00000001 to 00640000 (32 plate positions times 20,000 sheets), serial numbers assigned to run 2 spanned 00640001 to 01280000, and so on.

If the BEP determined that it didn't need to print a full run of stars, it simply used fewer sheets for the run but retained the assigned range of serials. That is, run 1 still spanned 00000001 to 00640000. But the run was simply stopped before all 20,000 sheets were serialed.

That necessarily meant that not all of the serials assigned to the run were used. In your example of Series 1977A $1 note D05853793*, it is from run 10, whose assigned serials spanned 05760001 to 06400000. But since only 8,000 sheets were printed, only 256,000 of the possible 640,000 serials were used. The notation from the US Paper Money website identifies the serials that were used:
Plate position A1: 05772001 through 05780000 (meaning that 05760001 through 05772000, the remaining serials belonging to PP A1, were not used)
PP B1: 05792001 through 05800000 (05780001 through 05792000, the remaining serials belonging to PP B1, were not used)
PP C1: 05812001 through 05820000
PP D1: 05832001 through 05840000
PP E1: 05852001 through 05860000 (the group of serials to which your note belongs)
and so on through
PP H4: 06392001 through 06400000

So run 10 was a single run. But because fewer than 20,000 sheets were serialed, this resulted in small groups of unused serials within the assigned serial range for run 10.
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CelticKnot's Avatar
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 Posted 07/25/2016  5:50 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add CelticKnot to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
JOE, thanks for the explanation. It's making sense now.

So print run 10 was a run of 8k sheets (out of a max of 20k). Since serial numbering increments by plate position (as opposed to incrementing across the same sheet), printing fewer than the max sheets will result in periodic gaps in the serial numbers, not a big block of missing ones at the end of the run.

only 8k notes were printed for plate position E1 (8k sheets = 8k E1 notes). The remaining potential 12k E1 notes just were never printed so those serial numbers that would have been on them just went into the ether.

A simplified example... to make sure I have it. Consider a max print run of 10 sheets and each sheet is made up of 9 notes (3x3). Max print run would be 90 notes. If only 3 sheets were required, that would be 27 notes printed and 63 not printed, leaving gaps from 004-010, 014-020, 024-030, etc.


Sheet 1
A B C
1 [001] [011] [021]
2 [031] [041] [051]
3 [061] [071] [061]

Sheet 2

1 [002] [012] [022]
2 [032] [042] [052]
3 [062] [072] [062]

Sheet 3

1 [003] [013] [023]
2 [033] [043] [053]
3 [063] [073] [063]

Sheets 4-10: [not printed]

So by plate position:

A1: 001-003 : 3
A2: 031-033 : 3
A3: 061-063 : 3
B1: 011-013 : 3
. . . .
. . . .
C3: 061-063 : 3

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 Posted 07/25/2016  5:53 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add Coinfrog to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply
With JOE on the forum, I'm going to stop trying to figure out all of this.
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 Posted 07/27/2016  9:58 pm  Show Profile   Bookmark this reply Add xxJOExx to your friends list Get a Link to this Reply

Quote:
So print run 10 was a run of 8k sheets (out of a max of 20k). Since serial numbering increments by plate position (as opposed to incrementing across the same sheet), printing fewer than the max sheets will result in periodic gaps in the serial numbers, not a big block of missing ones at the end of the run.


That's exactly correct. By contrast, today's short star runs don't have gaps within the assigned serial range but have the big block of missing numbers at the end of the run because the serialing is set up to start at the highest number that corresponds with the actual number of sheets needed. A 10,000-sheet run, for example, will be set up so that the highest serial is 00320000 instead of 03200000. That results in all serials between 00000001 and 00320000 being used and no serials between 00320001 and 03200000 being used.

Today's practice (with COPE, anyway; it doesn't work for the new LEPE) also makes it possible to identify most short-run stars without having to look up the serial numbers in a chart. The plate position is key. A standard-size star run of 100,000 sheets (3.2 million notes) will have plate positions from quadrant 1 in the lowest serials of the run. In run 1, for example, A1 notes begin with 000, B1 begins with 001, C1 begins with 002 and D1 begins with 003. If you have a star note with serial 00183654, say, and the quadrant is not 1, that indicates a short run because a note from a standard-size run with that serial would be from PP B1.


Quote:
A simplified example... to make sure I have it. Consider a max print run of 10 sheets and each sheet is made up of 9 notes (3x3). Max print run would be 90 notes. If only 3 sheets were required, that would be 27 notes printed and 63 not printed, leaving gaps from 004-010, 014-020, 024-030, etc.


Yes, you're example is right, although the BEP serials sheets in descending order, so the gaps are at the lowest end, i.e., 001-007, 011-017, 021-027 while the serials used are at the highest end, i.e., 008-010, 018-020, 028-030, etc. But the concept is the same.
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