How Far Back Can We Go? Fifth Edition! Ended At 1461 Waiting On 1460 C. E. (A. H. 864)

Here is another 2 Kreuzer from the German Countship of Pfalz-Simmern, but this one is from AD 1577:

@erafjel, it will be interesting to hear other opinions, but I understand and agree your points on official language changing from Latin to vernacular. Maybe the silver denominations are used in some international trade, and this is the reason Latin is still used (lingua franca)?
As for coinage in copper, it is also an intersting topic for the 16th century. I do not collect coins of royal France, but I think Brabant (as SPanish Netherlands) is a little earlier, with some denominations in copper c. 1540. Poland, on the other hand, does not use copper consistently until about 1650. Quite a broad range... Would be interesting to hear from collectors of other regions like Spain (who I think is also an early adopter of copper), England, Germanic states ...

From 1571 to 1576, no coins are struck at Polish mints except some denars and schillings in 1573 at Gdansk. There are interregnums 1572-73 and 1574-76.
However, since Henry Valois, the future king Henry III of France is on the Polish throne 1573-74, and he uses the title King of Poland thereafter (though he had effectively abdicated), some Poland collectors have a spot in their collection for his French coins of 1575-76.
France, 1576 1/2 Franc, Paris mint:

I thought it had to be attributable to a specific year (according to some calendar)? From the rules for the thread (my emphasis):

the big copper plates for export are really interesting


below two types of early leeuwendaalders :


type 1b, Dordrecht mint, knight oriented to the left
Delmonte 830
a scarce type




type 2, Dordrecht mint, knight oriented to the right
Delmonte 831
a much more common type





these coins are 100% revolutionary as the King and his titles are omitted

instead an anonymous knight, who evolved from a clown-like mocking figure to a symbol of strength is present on the obverse - the legend MO NO ARG ORDIN HOL explains that this silver coin was made by the province of Holland
the reverse has the rampant lion which has given the coin its name and international fame as a prototype of an early trade dollar.
the legend CONFIDENS DNO NON MOVETUR (he who trusts on God does not falter) relates to the toleration of Calvinism.

But 1575 and 1576, with the risk of death penalty for illegal coin production, these coins were made with another purpose: with a 10% higher denomination than silver content; Philipsdaalders and Bourgondische kruisdaalders from the Habsburg system were melted and converted to these new coins. The profit, estimated to be at least one million florins, was used to pay the war effort of the revolt.

we will tomorrow see a type 1a leeuwendaalder, the first coin of the autonomous revolting province of Holland, which was made during the last month of 1575 this is a piece that is very hard to find and of course it contains the elements of my cryptic ccf name

Likewise, in the Poland Lithuania commonwealth, there was first a small emission of copper schillings even later in 1650, then large scale production of small copper schillings 1659-1666 (we had some of these posted here for those years). After that, a hiatus of over 80 years, until copper coins returned permanently in multiple denominations starting 1753.

1576 -- Duchy of Courland, 1 schilling: