
jkb,
Many start out at first having trouble understanding the difference between a doubled die and
Machine Doubling. A double struck coin is a different error. A true doubled die is a variety in that it is created during the die making process. As a result, the doubling will appear on every coin struck from that die. In the past, doubled die errors were often much more dramatic due to the process in which dies were created such as the 1955 or 1969-s Lincoln cents
https://www.doubleddie.com/302101.html and
https://www.doubleddie.com/314201.html This method often required multiple impressions from a working hub to impart the detail into a die. If the hub or die shifted at all during this process, the finished die would feature two distinct impressions with separation between them. The design, letters and digits will be doubled.
https://www.ngccoin.com/news/articl...ne-Doubling/ Machine Doubling you can read about here instead of reposting everything
http://goccf.com/t/441288#3801884is
Machine Doubling the same as double struck? No, The primary categories of double-strikes include: off-center double-strikes; flip-over, off-center double-strikes; double-strikes in-collar; and flip-over, double-strikes in-collar. Off-center double-strikes are the most common type of double-strike, and are found on virtually every series of U.S. Coin. The error occurs when a planchet is fed into the collar and is struck into a coin, but then fails to be ejected properly by the feeder finger. It then rattles around in the striking chamber until it comes to rest off-center of the dies and is struck again, resulting in a coin with a normal 1st strike, and a 2nd strike which is off-center.
For doubled dies most are known and so the best way is to first lookup the coin in a book like strike it rich with pocket change 5th edition or the websites like doubleddie.com or varietyvista.com to see if a doubled die exists for that coin and will typically show both the image of the doubling plus any additional markers to help confirm it that you should be able to find on the coin itself. The book contains the main ones but not all the obscure ones that may be more difficult to identify for newcomers and/or may not have much value. This may help you and others to not look at every coin and go AHA! because many of those might be
Machine Doubling that isn't really valuable enough to search out. If at that point you are still not sure if you found it you can always post on this forum once you learn how to post photos to ask prior to sending it for confirmation to one of those sites or a grading company as that costs money to different degrees.
Quote:
Stan McDonald 2020 US error coin guide but does that really contain all known errors up to that time
I am not sure if I have that book, I think I have the newer 2023 one
https://www.amazon.com/Error-Coin-G.../B0B1C2Z52L/ and there is a color edition
https://www.amazon.com/2023-US-Erro.../B0B2TRCZC6/ but likely no it probably covers just basics and photos to help new people look for or understand error coins with photos.