A. In and out. Use glass, ceramic or metal containers to hold your acetone - don't use plastic. Acetone is very very good at depolymerizing and dissolving certain kinds of plastic, and it's impossible to tell if acetone will destroy your plastic object just by looking at it. Likewise, any working surface (tablecloth, benchtop, etc) should be plain wood, metal or stone; any prepared surface (eg. varnish, paint or lacquer) is likely to be damaged if acetone is spilled on it. Don't wear synthetic-fibre clothes, otherwise you might find an acetone "moth-hole" forming if you spill any acetone on your clothing; "synthetic fibre" is just fancy-speak for clothes made of plastic. Having a metal tray of some kind to lower the coin into the dip and raise it up again would be good; using gloves, or bare fingers, can add contaminants to the acetone which can end up depositing on your coin.
B. If whatever-it-is that you're trying to remove from your coins doesn't start to dissolve in acetone within a minute, soaking it for longer isn't going to help. Isn't going to hurt either, just won't help. Gentle swirling can help; personally, I use a glass eyedropper submerged in the acetone to "squirt" jets of acetone onto the more stubborn spots of goo.
C. Acetone is acetone, or at least it should be. Acetone-based domestic products like nail polish remover often have fragrances to try to mask the "chemical smell" of acetone, but you generally want to avoid mystery contaminants in your acetone if you're soaking your coins in it. Some jurisdictions require the addition of denatonium benzoate to acetone before retail sale; the teeny tiny amount of denatonium usually present isn't going to make much difference to the outcome (though it will make your coins taste terrible - which might be a good thing if your pets or children keep trying to swallow your coins).
D. Nothing. Or rather, nothing except more acetone is necessary. It's usually good practice to rinse a coin in fresh acetone, if it's been sitting in "dirty" acetone soaking for a while. Some people advocate a final rinse in deionized water; this is largely unnecessary; there won't be anything left on the coin after consecutive acetone rinses, that water might conceivably dissolve.
E. I think you're more likely to find acetone for sale in a hardware store, than a pharmacy. Pure acetone has no medicinal use, but it's often sold as a paint stripper.
Other things to be aware of:
Safety: Acetone is highly flammable, as are its vapours. Treat it like you would treat gasoline: use it in a well ventilated area, don't smoke anywhere near it, don't have any other flames or sources of ignition nearby.
Acetone is highly volatile - it evaporates easily. It's more volatile than water, alcohol, gasoline or any other solvent you're likely to encounter in everyday use. Any open dish or bowl of acetone left sitting around is going to evaporate away to dryness within a couple of hours, especially in warm weather. Always tightly seal up your bottles and jars of acetone to stop it from escaping. Store it in a cool place.
Health: Acetone is as toxic as alcohol, but without the pleasant side-effects often attributed to alcohol and it tastes terrible, so don't drink it. Most people find acetone vapours are generally unpleasant, but they are not necessarily very harmful. It probably isn't any more carcinogenic than gasoline or any other petroleum-based product. Acetone is, however, very good at dissolving fats and oils; we want this property when cleaning coins, but if you splash it on your hands, it will suck the oils and waxes right out of your fingerprints and redeposit that stuff all over your fingertips when the acetone evaporates away, making them turn white. This washes off in soap and water, but some people can be sensitive to their own body oils getting redeposited on themselves, so acetone is formally classified as an irritant.
Gloves: You can try wearing gloves, but gloves are made of rubber or plastic and, as already noted, acetone can dissolve certain kinds of rubber and plastic; unless your gloves are acrylonitrile or some other synthetic rubber designed to be resistant to acetone, you're probably better off without them. Gloves also make it generally more difficult to handle a coin, especially if its slippery and wet.
Don't say "infinitely" when you mean "very"; otherwise, you'll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite. - C. S. Lewis